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Thursday, March 20, 2014

Antennas

Polarization

  • Vertical
  • Horizontal
  • Circular
  • Point-to-point - antennas must have the same polarization


Radiation Patterns


  • Radiation pattern chart -  describes the signal sent by an antenna
  • There are two fields that antennas radiate their power
    • E-Plane
      • The elevation plane, or elevation chart - side view
      • Composes the electric field vector
    • H-Plane
      • The horizontal plane, or azimuth chart - top view
      • Composes the magnetic field vector

Wednesday, March 19, 2014

RF Math

Watt - energy measurement represents one Joule per second
Decibel - logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two values
dBm- compare the relative power between two signal expressed in mW
○ 0dB = same power as measured
○ 3dB = Twice the power
○ 10dB = 10X the power
○ -3dB = Half the power
○ -10dB = 1/10 of the power

                -dBm = 10*Log10(mW)
                 mW = 10(dBm/10) 

Radio Frequency (RF) Fundamentals

Frequency - how fast a cycle repast itself
Wavelength - how wide is one cycle
Amplitude - related directly with power
Hertz (Hz) - how often a wave repeats per second

Low frequency travels further than higher frequency because it is less affected by the air

RSSI - Received Signal Strength Indicator
• Closer to zero better
• Negative value measured in dBm

Tuesday, March 18, 2014

Wireless Network and Topology


Types
  • WAMP -Wireless personal area networks 
    Range up to 30feet
    802.15standard
    Low power , easy to use, low cost. 

    E.g. Bluetooth
  • WLAN - Wireless local area networks
    Range about 300 feet
    More power consumption
  • WMAN - Wireless metropolitan area network
    Range-city or suburb
    Most of the time uses licensed frequencies
    E.g.WiMAX
  • WWAN - Wireless wide-area network
    Very large distance coverage
    Uses licensed frequencies
    GSM is the most common in the world. CDMA, int he US and Japan 
    E.g. Mobile phones network 

Wednesday, March 5, 2014

Layer 2 Security

SW-1

!----Task 1: Configure Root Bridge
!--Step 3. As sign S W-1 as a s econdary root bridge.
!
enable
ciscoenpa55
configure terminal
!
spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary
!
!----Task 2: Protect Against STP Attacks
!--Step 3. Enable root guard.
!

Configure IOS Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) using CLI

R1

!----Task 1: Enable IOS IPS
!--Step 2. Create an IOS IPS configuration directory in flash.
!
enable
ciscoenpa55
!
mkdir ipsdir
!
!--Step 3. Configure the IPS signatures torage location.
!

Configuring a Zone-Based Policy Firewall (ZPF)

!----Task 2: Create the Firewall Zones on Router R3
!--Step 1. Create an internal zone.
!
ciscoconpa55
enable
ciscoenpa55
configure terminal
!
zone security IN-ZONE
!
!--Step 2. !--Step 2. Create an external zone.
!

Configuring Context-Based Access Control (CBAC)

R3

!----Task 1: Block Traffic From Outside
!--Step 2. Configure a named IP ACL on R3 to block all traffic originating from the outs ide network.
!
ciscoconpa55
enable
ciscoenpa55
Configure terminal
!
ip access-list extended OUT-IN
deny ip any any
exit
!
!--Step 3. Apply the ACL to interface Serial 0/0/1.
!